Everything about Randlord totally explained
Randlord is a term used to denote the entrepreneurs who controlled the
diamond and
gold mining industries in
South Africa in its pioneer phase from the 1870s up to
World War I.
A small number of European adventurers and financiers, largely of the same generation, gained control of the diamond mining industry at
Kimberley, Northern Cape. They set up an infrastructure of financing and industrial consolidation which they then applied to exploit the discoveries of gold from 1886 in
Transvaal at
Witwatersrand — the "Rand". Many of the Randlords received baronetcies from
Queen Victoria in recognition of their contributions.
Notable Randlords
Industrial legacy
As the first generation of Randlords died or retired, the next generation concentrated on the process of consolidation and corporatization, developing the mining companies into integrated quoted companies. Cecil Rhodes's first round of diamond mine consolidation with
De Beers Consolidated Mines was continued by Sir
Ernest Oppenheimer (1880–1957) best represents this phase, with his strengthening of the market power of De Beers and his development from 1917 of the giant
Anglo American mining company (whose gold interests are now held by
AngloGold Ashanti. Other Johannesburg mining houses formed the basis of other corporate mining giants which still exist. For example: Porgès and Eckstein's "Corner House" became
Randgold; Rhodes's Consolidated Gold Fields became
Gold Fields Limited; George and Leopold Albu's General Mining and Finance Corporation became
Gencor; Barney Barnato's Johannesburg Consolidated Investment Company or "Johnnies" became
JCI Limited.
Philanthropy and cultural legacy
The Randlords came largely from humble backgrounds, and many used their fortunes to elevate their position in society. A significant number overcame the prejudices against nouveaux-riches and Jews to gain entry to the English "establishment" and received knighthoods.
Their architectural patronage has left a legacy across South Africa and England. In Johannesburg alone, structures such as the Randlord mansions on
Parktown Ridge sprang up, many designed by
Sir Herbert Baker. The Johannesburg Art Gallery in Joubert Park was championed by Florence Phillips, wife of Sir Lionel Phillips. Across the UK, many public collections and mansions bear witness to the wealth of the Randlords, including the Wernher Collection, formerly at
Luton Hoo and now at
Ranger's House.
Amongst many philanthropic ventures by Randlords, the Beit Trust established by Sir Alfred Beit built over 400 bridges in southern Africa; the
Rhodes Scholarships at the
University of Oxford were endowed by Cecil Rhodes.
Other uses
Randlord may also be used loosely as a term for any wealthy South African businessman. The phrase gained extra meaning when the currency of South Africa was renamed the
rand in 1961.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Randlord'.
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